مطالعه تغییرات کیفی ساقه نیشکر طی مراحل رشد براساس درجه روزرشد در استان خوزستان

نویسنده: عزیز کرملاچعب

مقاله:

 به منظور مطالعه تغییرات کیفی، تجمع مواد تشکیل دهنده ساقه و رسیدگی نیشکر در طول فصل رشد تحقیقی در شرکت توسعه نیشکر استان خوزستان در سال 1393 انجام شد. واریته مورد بررسی 21-CP73 به عنوان واریته زودرس بود که در شهریورماه 1392 کشت و در آذر ماه 1393 برداشت شد. گیاه در شرایط طبیعی و بر اساس مدیریتهای زراعی مرسوم منطقهای رشد یافته و تیماری روی آن اعمال نگردید. نمونه برداری از یک مزرعه با درجه یکنواختی بالا، به صورت هفتگی و از سه ایستگاه به عنوان تکرار صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در ابتدای دوره رشد فعال گیاه در تابستان میزان رطوبت ساقه بالا و حدود 85 درصد وزن آن و بریکس و فیبر به یک اندازه و به میزان حدود 5/7 درصد بوده است. اما در زمان رسیدگی میزان رطوبت به 72 درصد کاهش و بریکس و فیبر افزایش یافتند. همچنین بیشترین رشد ساقه گیاه در تیر ماه و بیشترین شیب افزایش پل همزمان با کاهش هفتگی ارتفاع در مهر ماه بدست آمد. به علاوه مشخص گردید که روند تجمع و ذخیره سازی قند از میانگرههای پایین به سمت بالا میباشد و نسبت یک سوم بالایی ساقه به یک سوم پایینی آن میتواند شاخصی از رسیدگی گیاه باشد، به طوری که هرچه این نسبت به عدد یک نزدیکتر باشد، حداکثر تجمع قند نی را نشان میدهد.

Sugarcane yield and ripening response to chemical ripeners

A.Karmollachaab

Abstract The effects of chemical ripeners on increasing sugar content (cv. CP57-614) during the sugaraccumulation period were evaluated in Khuzestan province, Iran. Three chemicals, ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphoric acid), glyphosate and Fitomas®-M (a growth regulator), were each applied as a foliar spray on the crop using a small aircraft. Application of glyphosate increased Brix, Pol%, fibre and recoverable sugar, but application reduced cane length and invert sugars and there was also a marginal decline in cane yield. The improvement in cane quality outweighed the reduction in cane yield. Ethephon application had no impact on cane yield, but showed a marginal improvement in Pol % (3.3%) and recoverable sugar (3.4%) compared to the untreated control. Fitomas-M had no effect on cane yield, but caused a decline in Pol%. Based on the large-scale trials done in Khuzestan province it was demonstrated that 0.5 L/ha of glyphosate increased recoverable sugar by 10.6%, indicating that this treatment was most suitable for increasing sucrose content during the sugar-accumulation period of crop maturity or early stages of harvest.

اثر محلولپاشی ترکیبات شیمیایی تسریع کننده رسیدگی بر عملکرد، کیفیت و رسیدگی تکنولوژیک نیشکر

 نویسنده: عزیز کرملا چعب

چکیده

 رسیدگی تکنولوژیک نیشکر در درجه حرارت و تابش پایین صورت میگیرد. در خوزستان این موضوع در آذر ماه و مصادف بـا شروع بارشهای زمستان است که عملیات برداشت را مختل مینماید، بنابراین جهت برداشت زودهنگام از روش شیمیایی تسـریع در رسیدگی استفاده میشود. به منظور بررسی اثر تسریع کنندههای شـیمیایی رسـیدگی بـر عملکـرد و رسـیدگی نیشـکر، آزمایشـی در شرکت توسعه نیشکر استان خوزستان در سالهای زراعی93-1392 و 94-1393 در واریته 614-CP57 بهصورت طـرح بلـوک هـای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا گردید

Sugarcane Yield and Technological Ripening Responses to Chemical Ripeners

A. Karmollachaab

Abstract The present investigation was carried out in Khuzestan province of Iran to evaluate the effects of chemical ripeners on the advancement of cane maturity (var. CP57-614) during incline phase. Three chemicals viz. Ethephon (2-Chloroethyl phosphoric acid), Glyphosate, and Fitomas M (a growth regulator) were applied as foliar spray on the crop using a small aircraft. The result showed that application of glyphosate increased brix, pol%, fiber, and recoverable sugar; however, its application reduced cane length and invert sugars and also showed marginal decline in the cane yield. The improvement in cane quality was more pronounced compared to the reduction in cane yield. Ethephon application had no impact on cane tonnage, and showed marginal improvement in pol per cent (3.3 %) and recoverable sugar (3.4 %) compared to untreated control. Fitomas-M had no effect on cane tonnage; on the contrary, it showed decline in pol%. Based on the large-scale trials done in Khuzestan province, it was demonstrated that 0.5 l ha-1 of glyphosate increased recoverable sugar to the extent of 10.60 % indicating that this treatment was most suitable for increasing sucrose content during incline period of crop maturity or early stages of harvest.

مقاله

نویسنده:اصغر بابامیر ساطحی   Asghar Babamir‑Satehi

چکیده:

Abstract The pink stem stalk borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer, is the main insect pest of sugarcane, Saccharum ofcinarum L., in Iran and worldwide. This paper assesses the efects of six sugarcane cultivars on the feeding performance and enzymatic activity of S. cretica under controlled conditions. It also investigates the biochemical traits of sugarcane cultivars (total phenolic, favonoids, and anthocyanins contents) and explores their relationship with the nutritional physiology of S. cretica. The study fndings indicated remarkable diferences in the nutritional properties and digestive function of S. cretica on various sugarcane cultivars. The S. cretica larvae reared on cultivar CP48-103 were indicated to have the highest ECI, RGR, and ECD values. In addition, the larvae fed on cultivar CP73-21 showed the lowest values of RCR and RGR. The S. cretica larvae induced the highest proteolytic activity during feeding with CP48-103, CP57-614, and CP73-21 cultivars. The ffth instar larvae demonstrated the highest and lowest amylolytic activity when fed with cultivars IRC99-01 and CP57-614, respectively. Moreover, signifcant variations in the phytochemical metabolites were detected among the sugarcane cultivars. Signifcant negative or positive correlations were found between the tested parameters of S. cretica and the biochemical characteristics of sugarcane cultivars. The cluster analysis results showed that cultivar CP73-21 was relatively unsuitable for S. cretica feeding: it was a suggested candidate to grow in regions with typically high pest infestation

Development of nanosilica as insecticide carrier against two stored products insect pests in the protection of stored wheat

نویسنده: Asghar Babamir Satehi 

چکیده:

Silica nanoparticles were synthesized by the technique of sol-gel to be applied as an insecticide carrier. The insecticidal efficacy of chlorpyrifos and silica nanoparticles loaded with chlorpyrifos (Ch-SNPs) was assessed against adults of Rhyzopertha dominica F. and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. on wheat grains. Both of the formulations were applied at three concentrations of 5, 10 and 25 ppm and the mortality was counted after 1, 2, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days of exposure. After 14-d time interval, dead and live adults were removed and the vials were kept in the same conditions for an additional 45-d and the progeny production was recorded. Results indicated that adults of T. confusum were more susceptible than R. dominica. For R. dominica, the number of F1 individuals was significantly low in wheat grains treated with chlorpyrifos and Ch-SNPs. In the case of T. confusum, no progeny was produced in the treated grains. The storage of treated wheat grains for three months did not reduce germination percentage. Therefore, the use of silica nanoparticles as insecticide carrier can lead to controlled release of chlorpyrifos and increase the exposure time of insects contact with the insecticide particles. However, more experiments are required to confirm the results.